Researching Asian Pirates

This post was originally written for Jeannie Lin’s blog.

This is the story of how I did NOT use a great deal of my research.

When I began writing The Duke and the Pirate Queen I knew that the heroine, Captain Imena Leung, was of mixed race; her mother from a fictional empire analogous to China, and her father from somewhere else. I never did decide exactly where he came from, as he has only a small role in the novel; I suspect he’s from somewhere in this world’s equivalent to the Southern Pacific islands. I did know, however, that I wanted Imena to have fought pirates. And I wanted her ship to be attacked by pirates in the novel.

I began to research Asian pirates. I can’t recommend this book enough: Pirate of the Far East: 811-1639, for a concise yet detailed overview of that period, which includes not only details of pirate clothing, weapons, and tactics but fits those details into the appropriate geographic and political settings. I also read various accounts (in English) of Chinese pirates who encountered Westerners, and some further academic essays on how accurate those translations and compilations might be from an Asian perspective.

After all that, I had more than enough information to write about Asian pirates. However, I realized, too late, that I needed Imena to be surprised. I needed her to come up against something new to her that would throw her off-balance; since I’d already established she’d worked as a privateer for the Horizon Empire (the China analogue), she would already be familiar with the varieties of Asian pirates, and they would not incite much fear in her. I was, to use a nautical phrase, hoist on my own petard.

There was the added complication that, much as I enjoyed my reading about Asian pirates, when the majority of readers saw the word “pirate,” they would envision Pirates of the Caribbean. If I had the whole novel to set up my Asian pirates, I might have managed it; but I was focusing on the love story, which takes place mainly aboard ship, so the lovers are isolated from the rest of the world. By the time I realized the way I should have arranged the plot to use more of the research, I was too far into the novel to change it, and still make my deadline.

I finally decided to (mostly) use pirates that would bring to mind classic Hollywood movies, while adding just a few fantastical touches to make them fit better into the novel’s fantasy world. I used as much of my research as I could without letting my worldbuilding take over the romance.

So I didn’t get to use most of my research, but I was left with a thirst for further knowledge and a scarily long reading list. This will probably be my next read, if I can obtain a copy: Pirates, Prostitutes and Pullers: Explorations in the Ethno- and Social History of Southeast Asia. Hey, there’s always a future novel that needs researching!

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Why Pirates?

This post was originally written for Inez Kelley’s blog.

I have never been a particular fan of pirates. They’re really just thieves on boats, right? (*ducks missiles*)

Perhaps that’s why the heroine of The Duke and the Pirate Queen was actually a privateer, sanctioned by her government to hunt pirates. She’s on the side of Law. Mostly. She fought and fights against enemies who have fewer scruples than she does, and that makes them more dangerous.

However, even though I’m not fond of pirate moral codes, I do adore their outfits. And action scenes! Flinging themselves from one ship to another, brandishing cutlasses, ululating bloodcurdling battle shrieks, all while very snappily dressed in silks and velvets and too much jewelry.

Okay, so maybe I do like pirates….

What I like are when pirates are the villains. True, I’ve enjoyed quite a few romance novels with pirate heroes, but those heroes always ended up vindicated in the end. For me, pirates are like vampires. I prefer them as villains. They’re really snazzy villains.

And what I wanted was to see is how my heroes stand up against them.

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Research Mashups

This post was originally written for Risky Regencies.

The Duke and the Pirate Queen isn’t a historical. However, it is set in a fantasy world, and I’ve often noted that my approach to creating a fantasy world is very similar to the way I research to write a historical novel. The difference is in the variety of sources I feed into my brain. My subconscious, which I call my “backbrain,” assimilates all the information and, hopefully, leaves me with an idea of a world that holds together like a “real” world. My theory is that my own “voice,” as it were, imposes a kind of internal consistency on the ideas I choose to include.

I use history as a guide. Most of the countries in The Duke and the Pirate Queen are loosely based on one culture or another, sometimes with elements from different time periods depending on the thematic needs of the scenes I’ve set there. The Duke Maxime’s duchy, for example, is essentially a Mediterranean setting. Captain Imena Leung comes from an empire similar to fifteenth century China that is plagued by ninth century-style Japanese pirates.

Another important research source for The Duke and The Pirate Queen was its predecessor, The Duchess, Her Maid, The Groom & Their Lover. I carefully went through my manuscript file and copied out all descriptions of the characters I planned to use again as well as all the descriptions of Maxime’s palace. I kept those bits of text on hand while writing new scenes set in Maxime’s duchy, to ensure internal consistency between the two novels.

For the main ship featured in the novel, Seaflower, I relied on a wide range of research material, most of it relating to ships used in the Napoleonic Wars, some to modern sailing ships. This was partly because I already had an interest in that period, and there are plenty of resources; but also as an homage to the sea adventure novels of Patrick O’Brian and C.S. Forrester, which influenced several events that take place in the story. I returned to O’Brian’s novels themselves to put a little more life into my understanding of sailing ships.

Finally, most of the plot turns on long-distance trade. When I first conceived the novel, I had not yet figured this out. The idea came later, from my pleasure reading; or rather, reading I knew might be useful to the story, except I pretended it wouldn’t, so I could pretend it was for pleasure!

Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices by Andrew Dalby and Sweets: A History of Candy by Tim Richardson added immeasurably to the “feel” of a world newly discovering trans-oceanic trade: “Whole pears, glittering with an armor of sugar crystals, spilled from a brightly polished silver bowl, and a mixture of saffron pastilles and candied violets adorned a perfect marzipan replica of the king’s castle.”

Those two books also provided me with an important character motivation, which I won’t reveal here. If I hadn’t been reading “outside” books, the novel would have been much poorer for it.

The final research source I used might not really count as research. I think of it as mining my own brain. All the research I’ve done before is in my brain, somewhere. When writing a fantasy novel, bits and pieces I may not even consciously remember rise to the surface and fill in gaps with my own voice.

Nothing I read is ever wasted.

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The World Beyond the Story

This post was originally written for Ella Drake’s blog.

The Duke and the Pirate Queen is set in a fantasy world that’s based on all kinds of elements taken from our own world. Maxime’s duchy is a Mediterranean-esque land with aspects of several centuries and countries.

Imena comes from an empire that’s very loosely based on fifteenth-century China–I say “loosely” because though I read Gavin Menzies’ 1421: The Year China Discovered America, no specific facts from it made their way into the novel. Instead, the idea of a powerful Asian naval power mingled with all sorts of pirate and sea adventure novels in the back of my brain, and later with some reading I did on Asian pirates. I used my research to give a feeling that events and places existed that weren’t shown in the story.

That’s what I mean by “the world beyond the story.” Even though I didn’t show the Horizon Empire or any imperial privateers other than Imena, knowledge of both was in my thoughts as I wrote the story, influencing how I portrayed Imena’s character and how she interacted with characters from the Duchies. The idea that she came from a large empire troubled by pirates, and that she fought those pirates, and that she gave it up, thoroughly underlies many aspects of her character.

Throughout the first chapters, I dropped small bits of information to build the reader’s knowledge of her privateering past. First descriptive facts: “…the intricate blue, red, and white designs tattooed on her scalp, each hard won in her youth as an Imperial privateer.” Then their place in the world: “Privateers were considered far below sailors in the navy” and “You can’t inherit a position in the imperial navy…You are, however, permitted to work as a privateer, risking death for the Imperium’s glory.” Then a bit more about what they do for the Imperium: “…the fringe-territory pirates whom they usually hunted.”

I think it’s just as important not to show certain aspects of your worldbuilding as it is to thoroughly describe. I most enjoy books where I can not only immerse myself in the world of the story, but I can feel that if I reach a bit farther, dig a bit deeper, there will be more of the story’s world for me to ponder.

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Writing Explicitly

This post was originally written for Kate Elliott’s blog.

I think there are several keys to writing good explicit sex scenes. The first is to give up any pretense of hiding yourself. You can’t hide from the reader, and you most especially can’t hide from yourself.

By the way, it doesn’t matter if you’ve never done the thing you’re writing about and never intend to do it. What matters is what you think and feel about the action you’re depicting. Writing, in some ways, works on the brain directly. Your feelings, through the medium of your style and voice, are being transmitted towards the reader. If your feelings aren’t essentially honest, it’s a lot harder for the reader to connect emotionally with what she’s reading.

A way to honesty is finding empathy for what you’re writing. A few times, I’ve written a sex scene about something I’ve never experienced and did not find appealing. So I asked someone who DID like the activity what it was she liked about it, and why. Given an additional point of view to work from, I was then able to consider what my characters might like, and not like, from the inside, and thus find a place of emotional honesty to work from.

Another key to writing sex scenes is the same as in writing any other type of scene; you have to pay attention to your prose. I also think you have to pay EXTRA attention, since some readers read sex scenes more closely and often than others! The attention-paying doesn’t have to happen in your first draft. Some writers, including me, sometimes find it easier to write out the first draft in a state of semi-trance, as another route to access emotional honesty.

In revisions, though, I think it’s more important in sex scenes than any others to pay attention to details. Simple things like repeating the same word over and over can throw a reader out of the scene. You can’t let a sex scene drag, and you can’t let it be predictable. After the initial draft, you might have to go back and add in a few more unexpected twists, of plot or characterization or dialogue. I always refine and polish the vocabulary I use, to make sure it’s not only evocative but appropriate to the characters, the story’s mood, and any thematic ideas I might have. Originality is always good, to one degree or another (it depends on your aims). And I make sure to look for unintentional double entendres. Those come up (heh) more often than you would think!

I feel the editing process is essential to avoid going over the top with a sex scene. It’s especially good if you can wait a while, then read again what you’ve written.

Finally, I think you have to know your characters. Sometimes I know before I start the scene how that character would act in a sexual situation; sometimes I figure it out as I go along, from a mingling of intuition about the character and the needs of the story. The important thing to remember is that this scene isn’t about you. It’s about your characters. Weirdly, I think your own emotional honesty is required to know your characters properly.

Demonstrating women’s sexuality through writing erotica, to a public audience, verifies the existence of female sexuality (woman as actor rather than than object) and helps bring female sexuality into public discourse. My emotional honesty thus not only validates women in general, it validates me as well.

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Siegfried Sassoon, “Together”

Together

Splashing along the boggy woods all day,
And over brambled hedge and holding clay,
I shall not think of him:
But when the watery fields grow brown and dim,
And hounds have lost their fox, and horses tire,
I know that he’ll be with me on my way
Home through the darkness to the evening fire.
He’s jumped each stile along the glistening lanes;
His hand will be upon the mud-soaked reins;
Hearing the saddle creak,
He’ll wonder if the frost will come next week.
I shall forget him in the morning light;
And while we gallop on he will not speak:
But at the stable-door he’ll say good-night.

–Siegfried Sassoon, Counter-Attack and Other Poems, 1918.

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Siegfried Sassoon, “To Any Dead Officer”

To Any Dead Officer

Well, how are things in Heaven? I wish you’d say,
Because I’d like to know that you’re all right.
Tell me, have you found everlasting day,
Or been sucked in by everlasting night?
For when I shut my eyes your face shows plain;
I hear you make some cheery old remark–
I can rebuild you in my brain,
Though you’ve gone out patrolling in the dark.

You hated tours of trenches; you were proud
Of nothing more than having good years to spend;
Longed to get home and join the careless crowd
Of chaps who work in peace with Time for friend.
That’s all washed out now. You’re beyond the wire:
No earthly chance can send you crawling back;
You’ve finished with machine-gun fire–
Knocked over in a hopeless dud-attack.

Somehow I always thought you’d get done in,
Because you were so desperate keen to live:
You were all out to try and save your skin,
Well knowing how much the world had got to give.
You joked at shells and talked the usual ‘shop,’
Stuck to your dirty job and did it fine:
With ‘Jesus Christ! when will it stop?
Three years … It’s hell unless we break their line.’

So when they told me you’d been left for dead
I wouldn’t believe them, feeling it must be true.
Next week the bloody Roll of Honour said
‘Wounded and missing’–(That’s the thing to do
When lads are left in shell-holes dying slow,
With nothing but blank sky and wounds that ache,
Moaning for water till they know
It’s night, and then it’s not worth while to wake!)

. . . .
Good-bye, old lad! Remember me to God,
And tell Him that our Politicians swear
They won’t give in till Prussian Rule’s been trod
Under the Heel of England … Are you there?…
Yes … and the War won’t end for at least two years;
But we’ve got stacks of men … I’m blind with tears,
Staring into the dark. Cheero!
I wish they’d killed you in a decent show.

–Siegfried Sassoon, Counter-Attack and Other Poems, 1918.

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“Satisfying Endings” Guest Post


It’s the end–I think–of my blog “tour” in celebration of this month’s launch of The Duke and The Pirate Queen. The last stop is Shelley Munro’s Blog where I’m talking about, appropriately, “Satisfying Endings.”

Stop by and let me know what you think!

(The shark pirate figurine is one of three “mutant pirates” that live atop my dresser. He tries to look mean, but he’s really quite sweet! Look at his little shark-shaped sword! And I love his snazzy buccaneer boots.)

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Pirate Appeal

I’ve been thinking a lot lately about the appeal of pirates, particularly in romance novels. Pirates seem to hold a special place in the genre, at least among heroes, along with The Rake or The Highlander.

My theory (I always have a theory!) is that for pirates, their transgression is what appeals. Transgression is important, I feel, in romantic/sexual fantasies. Being allowed to transgress boundaries, even in fantasy, significantly affects our thoughts and feelings about those boundaries in our daily lives. I think Pirates also represent freedom. Rarely in romance novels are pirates exclusively mercenary in their goals. It may not be immediately revealed, but eventually, in most cases, we find out the pirate hero is motivated by righteous revenge.

Also, the pirate isn’t supposed to adhere to societal rules. Pirates are free to swoop in and take what they want. (That’s a nice fantasy in itself.) In a pirate romance novel, it’s most often the heroine who is wanted by the pirate (also a nice fantasy!). The heroine fights against the pirate’s transgression, asserting herself in that way, but eventually asserts herself again by succumbing to his freedom, of going against society, perhaps helping him with his revenge, or finding his lost brother/sister, etc.–his quest. When the heroine yields to the pirate hero, she yields also to the possibilities his transgressive life offers, possibilities that her own, normative life does not.

Thoughts? Also, recommendations for pirate romances? Anybody have recommendations for novels with pirate heroines?

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“The Lotus Eaters” guest post


There’s a (new) excerpt from The Duke and the Pirate Queen posted at RT Book Reviews. There’s also a message from the author. Which is me.

And I’m posting about “The Lotus Eaters” and The Duke and The Pirate Queen at Stephanie Draven’s Blog.

Excerpt from “The Lotos-Eaters” by Alfred, Lord Tennyson:

…And round about the keel with faces pale,
Dark faces pale against that rosy flame,
The mild-eyed melancholy Lotos-eaters came.
Branches they bore of that enchanted stem,
Laden with flower and fruit, whereof they gave
To each, but whoso did receive of them,
And taste, to him the gushing of the wave
Far far away did seem to mourn and rave
On alien shores; and if his fellow spake,
His voice was thin, as voices from the grave;
And deep-asleep he seem’d, yet all awake,
And music in his ears his beating heart did make.
They sat them down upon the yellow sand,
Between the sun and moon upon the shore;
And sweet it was to dream of Fatherland,
Of child, and wife, and slave; but evermore
Most weary seem’d the sea, weary the oar,
Weary the wandering fields of barren foam.
Then some one said, “We will return no more”;
And all at once they sang, “Our island home
Is far beyond the wave; we will no longer roam.”

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